![]() The number of variables per score ranged from 3 to 14 with only 50% including microbiological variables and 15% including biomarkers. Results: Of 75 articles initially identified, 32 papers were analyzed for a total of 20 proposed scores (range 66–13,000 patients), 14 of which were specific for IE. Risk-of-bias analysis illustrated according to PROBAST guidelines. Qualitative analysis was carried out, including assessment of validation processes and comparison of these results to original derivation cohorts where available. Papers with risk score analysis for IE patients were included, with attention to studies reporting area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC/ROC). Methods: Standard methodology (PRISMA guideline) was used. This systematic review aims to evaluate all IE risk scores currently available. A total of 25–30% require surgery and there is ongoing debate with regard to markers predicting patient outcomes and guiding intervention. 5Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdomīackground: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, highly morbid condition with 17% in-hospital mortality.4Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.3Specialised Cardiology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.Thomas Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom Victoria Rizzo 1*, Mohammad Yousuf Salmasi 2, Michael Sabetai 1, Christopher Primus 3, Jonathan Sandoe 4, Michael Lewis 5, Simon Woldman 3 and Thanos Athanasiou 2
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